Digging Wells in Africa and India: How it Works

It's hard to believe that more often than not, the clean water a community desperately needs is right underneath them. Even harder to understand is how such a small investment to get to it can make such a dramatic difference in so many lives. That's why we fund these well projects!

Below, you'll find information on the types of wells that can be built and a brief decription of the process.

For an in-depth look at our process, and how we work, read more about The Water Project Process.

How Much Does a Well Cost?

We get asked a lot about the cost to dig a well in Africa or India and it's a hard question to answer - because Africa and India are wildly diverse continents. And water wells come in many varieties. There are lots of ways to drill them. One size simply doesn't fit all. Let's take a look at some common projects to learn more.

Hand Dug and Dangerous

The simplest wells have traditionally been hand dug. That's right...by hand. They can be fifty or more feet deep and are used when ground water is generally abundant. These wells are extremely dangerous to build and have cost many lives. They are also often left uncovered and easily contaminated. They just aren't an ideal solution.

That's why we enable our partners to get the right tools for the job.

Shallow Wells - Low Cost, Clean Water

An example of one of our projects is in Western Kenya, where we fund a young NGO known as The Bridge Water Project. Many of the drillers on this team have had experience deep in a hang dug well.

Today however, they are working with new, small rigs provided by donors here in the States. These simple machines can dig to about 150-200 feet. The rigs are very cost effective and in this region of Kenya do a great job. They can be moved with ease and allow work to happen quickly.

As these machines drill through dirt and rock, casing is installed to keep the hole from collapsing. Then a concrete base is formed around the small casing (a few feet in diameter) and is left to set up overnight.

Once the concrete pad is dry, the pump mechanism is carefully lowered into the hole and a hand pump is attached. The team makes note of how much water flows and ensures it is safe to drink.

Because these new wells are completely sealed, the water stays clean and can be consumed without any treatment.

All this for just about $6,000.

Deep Wells - Lots of money, Lots of Water

In Central Kenya, just one example of how different geography can dramatically change the game, some wells must be over 900 feet deep. This introduces all kinds of challenge and expense.

First, a much larger drill rig, truck and crew are needed to actually drill the hole. It can take many days.

Then, because the water is so deep, a motorized pump must be installed. The water is simply too heavy to lift from that depth with a hand pump. Diesel generators, large electric pumps, piping, storage tanks and housing for it all can drive the cost up to $30,000 or more. But, since these very large systems serve so many people, they are still quite cost effective. In fact, some of these large systems can serve over 3,000 people!

We partner with an established driller in this part of Kenya who has a lot of experience on these complicated projects.

Wells in India

In other parts of the world, the geography and availability of parts and labor help keep costs low. In India, we have one partner who consistently drills shallow wells for about $1,750. They use the same pumps our team in Western Kenya uses. It's just a cheaper place to dig wells.

Involving the Community - Ensuring Success

In all cases, we work to ensure that the local community is actually invested in the project. One of the best ways we've seen that happen is to require the villages to arrange and pay for the initial geological survey work to be done. That usually costs a few hundred US dollars and requires the community to mobilize and organize around the project. In the long run, this initial commitment to the project means it will be valued and cared for by the community. It's an essential step.

After a well is installed, the drill team will explain how the pump works, how to keep the area clean, and what to do if it breaks. We make sure each community it able to contact our partners whenever maintenance is needed. A simple repair can become costly if unskilled folks try to fix it alone.

How Your Donation Helps

Your gift provides technical assistance and supplies (rebar, concrete, forms, fuel, drilling supplies etc.) so that communities can afford to build these wells. You make it possible for them to help themselves.

The Water Project works hard to keep administrative costs to an absolute minimum. In fact, we have other donors who recognize the importance of keeping the lights on and paying for the internet connection, so you don't have to. You can choose to designate 100% of your donation to actual construction costs.

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