Project Status



Project Type:  Protected Spring

Regional Program: Western Kenya WaSH Program

Impact: 140 Served

Project Phase:  In Service - Mar 2021

Functionality Status:  Functional

Last Checkup: 08/09/2024

Project Features


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"The water from this water source needs to be treated each and every time collected, but for us, we don't have a chlorine dispenser like other springs. The option of boiling drinking water has been a great challenge to me personally because getting firewood, currently, is like looking for gold," said Agnes Ben, a 45-year-old farmer in Mukhonje B Community.

Agnes is 1 of 140 people in this village who depend on Peter Yakhama Spring for water. But the spring is an open water source prone to contamination from several sources. Runoff from the rains carry soil, farm chemicals, and animal waste into the water.

"Our water source is very open and each time you come to fetch water, you find chewed sugarcane on top of the water. You then worry because the next adult person coming to fetch water may mistake you of discarding it," said primary school student Joseph. This particular situation adds stress among the many children at the spring for fear the adults will become cross with them and force them to wait to fetch water until others are done.

Though community members built a mud wall with an improvised discharge pipe to help create flowing water, the makeshift reservoir also causes contamination problems. With so much sitting water open to the environment, green algae and frogs favor the spring for breeding.

All of these contaminants, and few to no means for treating the water as Agnes described. Market-purchased water treatment methods are out of the question for most families financially, and boiling requires large quantities of firewood and time that families simply cannot spare.

The result is widespread water-related diseases including typhoid, stomach cramps, coughing, and skin rashes from using the water to bathe. Such conditions cause many health complications, and seeking medical attention drains families of their resources. Time spent sick also means time lost at school and at work, and occasionally even leads to death.

What We Can Do:

Spring Protection

Protecting the spring will help provide access to cleaner and safer water and reduce the time people have to spend to fetch it. Construction will keep surface runoff and other contaminants out of the water. With the community’s high involvement in the process, there should be a good sense of responsibility and ownership for the new clean water source.

Fetching water is a task predominantly carried out by women and young girls. Protecting the spring and offering training and support will, therefore, help empower the female members of the community by freeing up more of their time and energy to engage and invest in income-generating activities and their education.

Training on Health, Hygiene, COVID-19, and More

To hold trainings during the pandemic, we work closely with both community leaders and the local government to approve small groups to attend training. We ask community leaders to invite a select yet representative group of people to attend training who will then act as ambassadors to the rest of the community to share what they learn. We also communicate our expectations of physical distancing and wearing masks for all who choose to attend.

The training will focus on improved hygiene, health, and sanitation habits in this community. We will also have a dedicated session on COVID-19 symptoms, transmission routes, and prevention best practices.

With the community’s input, we will identify key leverage points where they can alter their practices at the personal, household, and community levels to affect change. This training will help to ensure participants have the knowledge they need about healthy practices and their importance to make the most of their water point as soon as water is flowing.

Our team of facilitators will use a variety of methods to train community members. Some of these methods include participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation, asset-based community development, group discussions, handouts, and demonstrations at the spring.

One of the most important issues we plan to cover is the handling, storage, and treatment of water. Having a clean water source will be extremely helpful, but it is useless if water gets contaminated by the time it is consumed. We and the community strongly believe that all of these components will work together to improve living standards here, which will help to unlock the potential for these community members to live better, healthier lives.

We will then conduct a small series of follow-up trainings before transitioning to our regularly scheduled support visits throughout the year.

Training will result in the formation of a water user committee, elected by their peers, that will oversee the operations and maintenance of the spring. The committee will enforce proper behavior around the spring and delegate tasks that will help preserve the site, such as building a fence and digging proper drainage channels. The fence will keep out destructive animals and unwanted waste, and the drainage will keep the area’s mosquito population at a minimum.

Project Updates


March, 2021: Peter Yakhama Spring Project Complete!

Mukhonje B Community now has access to clean water! We transformed Peter Yakhama Spring into a flowing source of water thanks to your donation. Our team protected the spring and trained the community on improved sanitation and hygiene practices, including COVID-19 prevention.

Women pose at the newly completed spring.

"The challenges of waterborne and water-related diseases will be completely eliminated. Therefore, my family members and I will have at least something to add value to our family, rather than the money that would have been used in seeking medical attention," said Agnes Benson, the elected Treasurer of the spring's new water user committee.

"As you can see, I am a much-privileged person. The spring itself is just next to my farm, which is very arable. My plans are to ensure that I grow vegetables here throughout the year for commercial sale because water is readily available throughout all the seasons."

Agnes Benson

Children were just as excited as the adults about the new water point.

"I will be drinking and using water which is free from diseases. Thus it will not be easy for me to contract waterborne diseases as they used to be before implementation," said Josephy, a primary school-aged boy in the community.

"Since I will be accessing safe, clean water free from diseases, it will help me not to miss going to school because I will be healthy through consuming safe water, and this will translate into good performance in school."

Joseph splashes water in celebration at the spring.

Preparing for Spring Protection

Community members worked together to source and carried all locally available construction materials to the spring. These included bricks, sand, stones, and fencing poles. Some people also chiseled away at large stones to break them down into the gravel. Because people have to carry most items by hand, the materials collection process can take anywhere from a few weeks to months.

When everything was prepared, we sent a lorry to the community to deliver the rest of the construction materials, including the cement, plastic tarps, and hardware. Then, our artisan and field officers deployed to the spring to begin work. Individual households provided meals throughout each day to sustain the work team.

From Open Source to Protected Spring: A Step-by-Step Process

At last, it was time to dig in at the spring! Women and men lent their strength to the artisan each day to help with the manual labor. First, we cleared and excavated the spring area. We dug a drainage channel below the spring and several surface runoff diversion channels above and around the spring. These help to divert environmental contaminants carried by the rains away from the spring.

Excavation

To ensure community members could still fetch water throughout the construction process, we also dug temporary diversion channels from the spring’s eye around the construction site. This allowed water to flow without severely disrupting community members’ water needs or the construction work.

Pouring the foundation

Excavation created space for setting the spring’s foundation made of thick plastic tarp, wire mesh, concrete, and waterproof cement. After setting the base, we started brickwork to build the headwall, wing walls, and stairs.

Bricklaying

Next, we began one of the most crucial spring protection steps to ensure a fully functional water point: setting the discharge pipe. The discharge pipe has to be low enough in the headwall so that the water level inside never rises above the spring’s eye, yet high enough to leave eighteen to twenty inches between the pipe and the spring floor to allow room for the average jerrycan (a 20-liter container) to sit beneath the pipe without making contact.

Setting the discharge pipe

If the discharge pipe were placed too high above the spring’s eye, too much backpressure could force the flow to emerge elsewhere. Too low, and community members would not be able to access the water easily. We embedded the pipe using clay (or mortar when the clay is in short supply) and placed it at a slight incline to ensure water flows in the right direction.

Plastering the rub walls

In coordination with brickwork, we pitched medium to large stones on both sides of the spring’s drainage channel. We then cemented and plastered each stone group into place, forming the rub walls. These help to discourage people and animals from trying to stand on that area, which could cause soil erosion and thus a clogged drainage area.

Plastering the stairs

With brickwork and stone pitching completed, we turned to cementing and plastering both sides of the headwall and wing walls. These finishing layers reinforce the brickwork and prevent water in the reservoir from seeping through the walls. In turn, enough pressure builds in the reservoir box to push water out through the discharge pipe.

Children helped carry small stones to the spring for backfilling while adults delivered heavier loads.

As the headwall and wing walls were curing, we cemented and plastered the stairs and installed four tiles beneath the discharge pipe. The tiles protect the concrete from the falling water's erosive force while also beautifying the spring and facilitating easy cleaning of the spring floor.

Backfilling as women continue to deliver clay and rocks to the artisan.

We transitioned to the final stages of construction with the tiles in place - backfilling the reservoir box. First, we cleared the collection box of any debris that may have fallen in since its construction, such as dead leaves or other items. Then we redirected the temporary diversion channels back into the reservoir box, channeling water into this area for the first time. We closed off all of the other exits to start forcing the water through the discharge pipe only.

Backfilling soil onto the tarp.

With much help from the community, we filled up the reservoir area with the clean and large stones they gathered, arranging them in layers like a well-fitting puzzle. We covered the stones with a thick plastic tarp to minimize potential contamination sources from aboveground, followed by a layer of soil. We piled enough soil on top to create a slight mound to compensate for the backfill’s future settlement.

A girl plants a piece of sod over the spring's catchment area.

Community members transplanted grass onto the backfilled soil to help prevent erosion. Finally, the collection area was fenced to discourage any person or animal from walking on it since compaction can lead to disturbances in the backfill layers and potentially compromise water quality.

Fencing

The entire construction process took about two weeks of work and patience to allow the cement and plaster to finish curing. As soon as it was ready, people got the okay from our field officers to fetch water.

A man fetches water from the completed spring.

We officially handed over the spring directly following training to mark the community's ownership of the water point. Happiness, thanksgiving, and appreciation were the order of the day flowing in all directions. Together with the village elder, the elected water user committee said they were planning a future day for a thanksgiving ceremony at the spring.

A young girl takes a drink of clean water from the spring.

Training on Health, Hygiene, COVID-19 and More

Due to the ongoing challenges and restrictions amidst the pandemic, we worked with both local leaders and the national Ministry of Health to gain approval for a small group training about health, hygiene, and COVID-19 prevention.

Together with the community, we found their preferred date for training while considering other community calendar events, such as the agricultural season and social events. We requested a select yet representative group of community members to attend training, relaying the information learned to the rest of their family and friends. When the day arrived, facilitators Christine Masinde, Jonathan Mutai, and Victor Musemi deployed to the site to lead the event.

Trainer Christine (right) and a community member demonstrate contactless greetings as alternatives to the traditional handshake.

14 people attended the training, including community-based leaders the local village health volunteer. We held the training at Seth Lukonzo's homestead under the shade of trees. Seth, the village elder, and our team agreed on the location for its ability to host participants while observing physical distancing and because participants could enjoy a good breeze from the trees.

Trainer Victor walks participants through the steps to build a tippy tap handwashing station.

Perhaps the most important topic of the day was our session on COVID-19 prevention and control. Due to the rampant spread of misinformation about COVID-19, we dedicated time to a question and answer session to help debunk rumors about the virus and provide extra information where needed.

Victor watches a man practice the ten steps of handwashing.

We covered several other topics, including community participation in the project; leadership and governance; personal and environmental hygiene; water handling and treatment; operation and maintenance of the spring and sanitation platforms; dental hygiene; the ten steps of handwashing, and how to make and use a tippy tap and leaky tin. We held an election for the newly formed water user committee leaders during the leadership and governance session.

Christine leads the homemade face mask session.

We also brainstormed income-generating activities that can be used to start both a community savings account for any future minor repairs to the spring and a cooperative lending group to enable members to develop their own small businesses.

A boy demonstrates toothbrushing during the dental hygiene session.

Personal hygiene was one of the more memorable topics as everyone had different opinions on the number of times a person should or could take a bath each day. Some people said they bathe three times a day, others once or twice, and everyone had reasons why the others' practices were either incorrect or impossible. The heated debate went on until the facilitator Christine, intervened, advising the group to bathe at least once a day, and more if they desired or felt necessary.

Everyone practices using the elbow for safer coughs and sneezes.

"The training was of great value to me because I learned new things which I wasn't aware of until today. The knowledge gained on water treatment - that is, the solar disinfection method - will help me save on firewoods which I would have used in boiling water for drinking as I normally do," said Agnes Benson, the elected Treasurer of the spring's water user committee.

Seth Lukonzo

"I have learned a lot. For me, I have been purchasing toothpaste sold on the open markets, and I have not been reading recommendations until today when I realized that the toothpaste should be stored in a cool, dry place away from the sunlight. The knowledge has impacted me in that it is not all about the size of toothpaste. Still, quality matters more than the quantity because if the recommended size to be used is the size of a peanut, definitely even the smallest size of toothpaste will serve for a longer period of time," said Seth Lukonzo, who hosted the training. Seth also served as a Deacon in the community and was elected Vice-Chair of the water user committee.

Trainer Victor leading the dental hygiene session.

We asked Seth to share what life in his village has been like since the pandemic began last year and how they are working to prevent the virus's spread.

"Since the onset of Corona, we were told by the village elder that every homestead should be having a handwashing container at their entrance. It was a policy that everyone in the village adopted. Also, wearing face masks was mandatory because it was a policy from the state, and no one could leave their residence without a face mask. Leaving it behind and being found without it, one was to be fined Ksh 20,000 ($182), or jailed for a period not less than 3 months."

After completing training, Seth said he had some ideas of changes he would be made to step up his daily prevention routine at home.

"The most helpful part of the training was how to make a tippy tap for handwashing. The tippy tap is very good in that there is nowhere you can touch it when using it. The other thing was homemade face masks you can make using your clothes, which no one has touched, unlike the ones purchased from the market which you don't know the status of the seller and last person trying to fit into it."

Handwashing using a tippy tap.

"We will have to improvise tippy taps for handwashing because the containers are with us here, and trees for making stands are also readily available. Besides that, we have thought that liquid soap or sanitizers are the best and eliminated the virus 100%. It was not until today when we learned that even the bar soap that we have been neglecting is equally good as the liquid soap."

When asked if he had any worries about the virus, Seth said, "yeah, but not so much like when the first case was reported. We have started to live with it by adopting the set COVID-19 regulations."

Young Ben fetching water at the spring.

When an issue arises concerning the water project, the water user committee is equipped with the necessary skills to rectify the problem and ensure the water point works appropriately. However, if the issue is beyond their capabilities, they can contact our field officers' team to assist them. Also, we will continue to offer them unmatchable support as a part of our ongoing monitoring and maintenance program.

Thank you for making all of this possible!




February, 2021: Peter Yakhama Spring Project Underway!

Dirty water from Peter Yakhama Spring is making people in Mukhonje B, Kenya sick. Thanks to your generosity, we’re working to install a clean water point and much more.

Get to know this community through the narrative and pictures we’ve posted, and read about this water, sanitation, and hygiene project. We look forward to reaching out with news of success!




Project Photos


Project Type

Springs are water sources that come from deep underground, where the water is filtered through natural layers until it is clean enough to drink. Once the water pushes through the surface of the Earth, however, outside elements like waste and runoff can contaminate the water quickly. We protect spring sources from contamination with a simple waterproof cement structure surrounding layers of clay, stone, and soil. This construction channels the spring’s water through a discharge pipe, making water collection easier, faster, and cleaner. Each spring protection also includes a chlorine dispenser at the waterpoint so community members can be assured that the water they are drinking is entirely safe. Learn more here!


A Year Later: Quick Water Access Means Less Conflict!

April, 2022

A year ago, your generous donation helped Mukhonje Community in Kenya access clean water – creating a life-changing moment for Jeremiah. Thank you!

Keeping The Water Promise

There's an incredible community of monthly donors who have come alongside you in supporting clean water in Mukhonje B Community.

This giving community supports ongoing sustainability programs that help Mukhonje B Community maintain access to safe, reliable water. Together, they keep The Water Promise.

We’re confident you'll love joining this world-changing group committed to sustainability!

Last year, before Peter Yakhama Spring was protected in Mukhonje, community members found it difficult to access sufficient water efficiently. Impatience at the water point sparked arguments amongst community members, and everyone was anxious for a solution.

Jeremiah M., 13, shared, "[I] used to take a lot of time fetching water at the water point, hence leading to conflict because we used to queue for a long time."

But now that Jeremiah and his fellow community members can easily and quickly collect water from the protected spring, things are different.

"[We have] easy access to the water point. Whereby, [there are] no conflicts since we don't waste time queuing, unlike before. Peace [in the community] has been restored," Jeremiah said.

He continued, "Residing near the water point gives me the opportunity to be helping my parents water their vegetables whenever they are not at home or have gone out, and even when they are home for holidays, so as to improve on their income."


Navigating through intense dry spells, performing preventative maintenance, conducting quality repairs when needed and continuing to assist community leaders to manage water points are all normal parts of keeping projects sustainable. The Water Promise community supports ongoing sustainability programs that help Mukhonje B Community maintain access to safe, reliable water.

We’d love for you to join this world-changing group committed to sustainability.

The most impactful way to continue your support of Mukhonje B Community – and hundreds of other places just like this – is by joining our community of monthly givers.

Your monthly giving will help provide clean water, every month... keeping The Water Promise.


Contributors

4 individual donor(s)