Project Status



Project Type:  Protected Spring

Regional Program: Western Kenya WaSH Program

Impact: 140 Served

Project Phase:  In Service - Nov 2023

Functionality Status:  Functional

Last Checkup: 01/11/2024

Project Features


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The 140 people who live in Kalenda use Peter Mukangai spring as their only water source.

Several years ago, community members attempted spring protection and contributed the resources they could afford, but unfortunately, did not have the knowledge needed to protect it properly. At the time, they experienced great joy seeing water flowing, thinking they had succeeded, but sadly time has shown that to not be the case.

Although they did their best, since the work was inexpertly done, the structure is now in poor condition. Water can be seen oozing from both the side walls and above the drawing point, the discharge pipe is rusting, and algae covers the walls.

Many community members suffer from sore throats and diarrhea infections after drinking water from the source.

"Like now, I have [a] sore throat, and this has been something going on and off for some time because of drinking water direct from the source. I used to boil it, but I stopped because boiled water has no taste. So I believe if the spring is well-covered, we will minimize these infections as before," said 38-year-old farmer Esther Nafula, shown above collecting water from the spring.

But contaminated water is not the spring's only problem. Since the spring doesn't function correctly, the water has a decreased discharge rate that leads to slow collection times and overcrowding, wasting people's valuable time that should be used for other important things.

"Being a child, when I see my mates playing and [I] am not, I normally feel bad. Like yesterday, I left the water container at the water point and joined my friend to play. Then when I went back home, I was punished for being late. So the current water situation takes much of my playing time and even creates problems between my parents and I," said 12-year-old Horis M., collecting water below.

Protecting the spring properly will capture the entire water flow and increase the discharge rate to save time for people as they collect water, and with clean water flowing, community members will hopefully see improved health soon.

What We Can Do:

Spring Protection

Protecting the spring will help provide access to cleaner and safer water and reduce the time people have to spend to fetch it. Construction will keep surface runoff and other contaminants out of the water. With the community’s high involvement in the process, there should be a good sense of responsibility and ownership for the new clean water source.

Fetching water is a task predominantly carried out by women and young girls. Protecting the spring and offering training and support will, therefore, help empower the female members of the community by freeing up more of their time and energy to engage and invest in income-generating activities and their education.

Training on Health, Hygiene and More

To hold training, we work closely with both community leaders and the local government. We ask community leaders to invite a select yet representative group of people to attend training who will then act as ambassadors to the rest of the community to share what they learn.

The training will focus on improved hygiene, health, and sanitation habits in this community. With the community’s input, we will identify key leverage points where they can alter their practices at the personal, household, and community levels to affect change. This training will help to ensure participants have the knowledge they need about healthy practices and their importance to make the most of their water point as soon as water is flowing.

Our team of facilitators will use a variety of methods to train community members. Some of these methods include participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation, asset-based community development, group discussions, handouts, and demonstrations at the spring.

One of the most important issues we plan to cover is the handling, storage, and treatment of water. Having a clean water source will be extremely helpful, but it is useless if water gets contaminated by the time it is consumed. We and the community strongly believe that all of these components will work together to improve living standards here, which will help to unlock the potential for these community members to live better, healthier lives.

We will then conduct a small series of follow-up trainings before transitioning to our regularly scheduled support visits throughout the year.

Training will result in the formation of a water user committee, elected by their peers, that will oversee the operations and maintenance of the spring. The committee will enforce proper behavior around the spring and delegate tasks that will help preserve the site, such as building a fence and digging proper drainage channels. The fence will keep out destructive animals and unwanted waste, and the drainage will keep the area’s mosquito population at a minimum.

Project Updates


November, 2023: Kalenda Community Spring Protection Complete!

Kalenda Community now has access to clean water! Thanks to your donation, we transformed their spring into a flowing source of naturally filtered water. We also installed a chlorine dispenser to provide added protection and trained the community on improved sanitation and hygiene practices. Together, these components will unlock the opportunity for community members to live better, healthier lives.

"I will use the shortest time possible to draw water because all water has been directed to the discharge pipe, and it takes [the] shortest time. By so doing, [I] am able to carry out other duties that will be beneficial to me and my family," said 26-year-old Lilian Nechesa, the newly appointed secretary of the Water User Committee.

Lillian collecting clean water!

Lilian continued, "Since I have gained a lot of knowledge on soap making, I will use water from this source to make soap and sell to people and schools around, which will improve my living standard."

Children were just as excited as adults about the new water point.

Julius is all smiles!

"Since very little time will be spent at the water point, I will have time to play and interact with my friends. I will have more time to do my revision, that will help me improve my academic performance because very little time will be spent drawing water," said 15-year-old Julius M.

Preparing for Spring Protection

Community members collaborated to source and carry all locally available construction materials to the spring. These included bricks, sand, stones, and fencing poles. Some people also chiseled away at large rocks to break them into gravel. Because people have to carry most items by hand, the material-collection process can take anywhere from a few weeks to months.

When the community was ready, we sent a truck to deliver the remaining construction materials, including cement, plastic tarps, and hardware. Then, our construction artisan and field officers deployed to the spring to begin work. Individual households provided meals throughout each day to sustain the work team.

From Open Source to Protected Spring: A Step-by-Step Process

First, we cleared and excavated the spring area. Next, we dug a drainage channel below the spring and several runoff diversion channels above and around the spring. These help to divert surface contaminants away.

To ensure community members could still access water throughout the construction process, we also dug temporary channels around the construction site from the spring's eye. This allowed water to flow without disrupting community members' tasks or the construction work. Excavation created space for setting the spring's foundation, made of thick plastic, wire mesh, concrete, and waterproof cement.

After establishing the base, we started brickwork to build the headwall, wing walls, and stairs. Once the walls had grown tall enough, we began one of the most crucial steps: setting the discharge pipe. The discharge pipe needs to be positioned low enough in the headwall so the water level never rises above the spring's eye, yet high enough to allow room for the average jerrycan (a 20-liter container) to sit beneath the pipe without making contact, which prevents cross-contamination.

If we place the discharge pipe too high above the spring's eye, back pressure could force water to emerge elsewhere. Too low, and community members would not be able to access the water easily. We embedded the pipe using clay (or mortar when the clay is in short supply) and placed it at an incline to ensure water flows in the right direction.

In coordination with brickwork, we pitched stones on both sides of the spring's drainage channel. We then cemented and plastered each stone, forming the rub walls. These walls discourage people and animals from standing in that area, which could cause soil erosion and a clogged drainage area.

We then cemented and plastered both sides of the headwall and wing walls. These finishing layers reinforce the brickwork and prevent water in the reservoir from seeping through the walls. In turn, enough pressure builds in the reservoir box to push water out through the discharge pipe.

As the headwall and wing walls cured, we cemented and plastered the stairs and installed four tiles beneath the discharge pipe. The tiles protect the concrete from the falling water's erosive force while beautifying the spring and facilitating easy cleaning of the spring floor.

The final stage of construction is backfilling the reservoir box behind the discharge pipe. We cleared the collection box of any debris that may have fallen during construction. Then, we redirected the temporary diversion channels back into the reservoir box, channeling water into this area for the first time. We close all other exits to force water through only the discharge pipe.

We filled the reservoir area with the large, clean stones community members had gathered, arranging them in layers like a well-fitting puzzle. We covered the rocks with thick plastic to minimize potential contamination sources, then piled enough dirt on top to compensate for future settling.

Community members transplanted grass onto the backfilled soil to help prevent erosion. The collection area was fenced to discourage any person or animal from walking on it. Compaction can lead to disturbances in the backfill layers and potentially compromise water quality.

The construction process took about two weeks of work and patience to allow the cement and plaster to finish curing. As soon as the spring was ready, people got the okay from their local field officers to fetch water.

We officially handed over the spring to mark the community's ownership of the water point. Happiness, thanksgiving, and appreciation were the order of the day, flowing in all directions.

"Immediately [once] the protection of spring was completed, the staff in charge of the station requested the Water User Committee to inform other water users to assemble at the water point so that the project can be handed over to the community members. The community members were very grateful and promised to take good care of the water so that it can serve them for a long period of time," said Field Officer Stella Inganji.

Training on Health, Hygiene, and More

Together with the community, we found their preferred date for training while considering other community calendar events, such as the agricultural season and social events. We requested a representative group of community members to attend training and relay the information learned to the rest of their families and friends.

When the day arrived, facilitators Stella and Betty deployed to the site to lead the event. 17 people attended the training, including 10 women and seven men. We held the training at a community member's home near the spring.

We covered several topics, including community participation in the project; leadership and governance; personal, dental, and environmental hygiene; water handling and treatment; spring maintenance; the importance of primary health care and disease prevention; family planning; soapmaking; how to make and use handwashing stations; and the ten steps of handwashing.

During the leadership and governance session, we held an election for the newly formed water user committee leaders, who will oversee the maintenance of the spring. We also brainstormed income-generating activities. Community members can now start a group savings account for any future minor repairs to the spring and a cooperative lending group, enabling them to develop small businesses.

"Soap making was our most memorable topic because all the participants confirmed that they had no idea how liquid soap is made. That made each one of them very keen and attentive to learn the procedure without missing any steps," reported Stella.

The elected Water User Committee.

"I have learned a lot on water handling. Initially, I believed that for water to be safe, I needed to put a number of drops (too much ) of chlorine, but after attending the training, I realized it's harmful to our health. With the information I have acquired, I will live a healthy life," said 60-year-old farmer and chairman of the Water User Committee Paul Nyongesa.

Conclusion

This project required a substantial collaboration between our staff, our in-country teams, and the community members. When an issue arises concerning the spring, the water user committee is equipped with the necessary skills to rectify the problem and ensure the water point works appropriately and there is guaranteed public access in the future. However, if the issue is beyond their capabilities, they can contact their local field officers to assist them.

Also, we will continue to offer them unmatchable support as a part of our monitoring and maintenance program. We walk with each community, problem-solving together when they face challenges with functionality, seasonality, or water quality. Together, all these components help us strive for enduring access to reliable, clean, and safe water for this community.

With your contribution, one more piece has been added to a large puzzle of water projects. In Kenya, Uganda, and Sierra Leone, we're working toward complete coverage. That means reliable, maintained water sources within a 30-minute round trip for each community, household, school, and health center. With this in mind, search through our upcoming projects to see which community you can help next!

Thank you for making all of this possible!




October, 2023: Kalenda Community Spring Protection Underway!

The lack of adequate water in Kalenda Community costs people time, energy, and health every single day. Clean water scarcity contributes to community instability and diminishes individuals’ personal progress.

But thanks to your recent generosity, things will soon improve here. We are now working to install a reliable water point and improve hygiene standards. We look forward to sharing inspiring news in the near future!




Project Photos


Project Type

Springs are water sources that come from deep underground, where the water is filtered through natural layers until it is clean enough to drink. Once the water pushes through the surface of the Earth, however, outside elements like waste and runoff can contaminate the water quickly. We protect spring sources from contamination with a simple waterproof cement structure surrounding layers of clay, stone, and soil. This construction channels the spring’s water through a discharge pipe, making water collection easier, faster, and cleaner. Each spring protection also includes a chlorine dispenser at the waterpoint so community members can be assured that the water they are drinking is entirely safe. Learn more here!


Contributors

Hammond Family Foundation
The Foley and Fredendall Charitable Fund
Cardinal Health

And 1 other fundraising page(s)
41 individual donor(s)