Project Status



Project Type:  Sand Dam

Regional Program: Southeastern Kenya WaSH Program

Impact: 200 Served

Project Phase:  In Service - Apr 2025

Functionality Status:  Functional

Project Features


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The 200 people of Mui Community struggle to access sufficient water. Water scarcity in this region of southeast Kenya means individuals spend most of their time and energy collecting water.

Community members walk long distances to the Ithambwangao earthen dam to find and collect water. After scooping up the water, people must make a return trip with heavy, full water containers, causing everyone to be exhausted; even if they are fortunate enough to own a donkey for assistance, there is little time left for their other priorities.

"It is clear that one cannot practice farming relying on the water from the dam as the distance brings all efforts down. Community members only grow crops relying on rainfall experienced twice a year. Usually, it is not sufficient to grow many crops for commercial, but only domestic use," said field officer Jefferson Mutie when describing some of the community impacts from water scarcity.

"I have to make huge decisions when it comes to water every day. I choose water over many other chores here at home. Although costly and time-wasting, it can't be ignored because it's life. We can't do without water. Every day, I am busy looking for water. It eats up most of my time," said 38-year-old farmer Patrick Mwengi.

However, collecting the water is not the only issue. The water is dependent on seasonal rains, and because the dam is open to all types of contamination, it is dangerous to drink. Those who risk it often suffer from waterborne diseases, causing needless suffering that steals their health and consumes their resources.

"The fact that I am a child makes me feel less disadvantaged because fetching water largely falls on me, a task that everyone else hates. From school, I have to be on [my] toes and ready to [do] the task of fetching water. The earth dam is very far from us and very dangerous as well. We dip our legs inside the dirty water, and sometimes we get bilharzia disease," said 16-year-old Julius M., shown above collecting water.

The installation of a sand dam will enable people in Mui to access plenty of water to meet their daily needs without worrying about becoming ill because of the water they drink.

Helping to solve the water crisis in this community will take a multi-faceted system. It requires the collaboration of the sand dam and a dug well. They will work together to create a sustainable water source that will serve this community for years to come.

The Proposed Solution, Determined Together...

At The Water Project, everyone has a part in conversations and solutions. We operate in transparency, believing it benefits everyone. We expect reliability from one another as well as our water solutions. Everyone involved makes this possible through hard work and dedication.

In a joint discovery process, community members determine their most advantageous water solution alongside our technical experts. Read more specifics about this solution on the What We're Building tab of this project page. Then, community members lend their support by collecting needed construction materials (sometimes for months ahead of time!), providing labor alongside our artisans, sheltering and feeding the builders, and supplying additional resources.

Water Access for Everyone

This water project is one piece in a large puzzle. In Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, we're working toward complete coverage of reliable, maintained water sources that guarantee public access now and in the future within a 30-minute round trip for each community, household, school, and health center. One day, we hope to report that this has been achieved!

Training on Health, Hygiene & More

With the community's input, we've identified topics where training will increase positive health outcomes at personal, household, and community levels. We'll coordinate with them to find the best training date. Some examples of what we train communities on are:

  • Improved hygiene, health, and sanitation habits
  • Safe water handling, storage & treatment
  • Disease prevention and proper handwashing
  • Income-generation
  • Community leadership, governance, & election of a water committee
  • Operation and maintenance of the water point

Project Updates


April, 2025: Mui Community Sand Dam Complete!

Mui Community, Kenya, now has access to a new water source, thanks to your donation! We constructed a sand dam on the riverbed, which will raise the water table and naturally filter water over time. We built a new protected dug well with a hand pump adjacent to the sand dam, providing the community with a safer method to draw the drinking water supplied by the dam.

"The new waterpoint will solve many problems for me and my community. We will no longer have to walk long distances to [the] Ithambwangao earth dam to fetch water, which was not clean and often caused diseases. Now, we have clean water nearby, which will improve our health and hygiene. It will make farming possible, as we can now irrigate our crops instead of relying only on unreliable rainfall," 63-year-old farmer Angelina Mwaniki shared.

"Having water nearby will allow us to grow vegetables and pasture, which will help us earn an income. With this income, we can pay school fees for our children and grandchildren, ensuring they get a good education and have better opportunities in life. Clean water will mean fewer illnesses, so our children can attend school regularly without missing classes due to waterborne diseases."

Sand Dam Construction

The members of Amani Kaliluni Women's Self-Help Group collected all of the local materials, like rocks and sand, required to complete the dam. The collection of raw materials takes longer than the actual construction, lasting up to four months for a large sand dam. The group also dedicated their time to support our artisans with a tremendous amount of physical labor throughout the project.

First, our team drew up siting and technical designs and presented them to the Water Resources Management Authority. We then sent a survey to the National Environment Management Authority for approval before beginning construction.

Once the plans were approved, we established a firm base for the sand dam wall. Usually, this requires the community to dig all the way down to the bedrock beneath the river channel. In the absence of good bedrock, we excavate to a depth at which the ground is compact enough to stop seepage.

Next, we heaped mortar (a mixture of sand, cement, and water) into the foundation, followed by rocks. We then used barbed wire and rebar to reinforce the mixture.

Once the foundation was complete, we built a timber skeleton to hold the structure above ground level. We repeated the process until reaching a sufficient height, width, and length.

Finally, we dismantled the vertical timber beams and left the dam to cure. This dam measures 23 meters long and 4 meters high and took 640 bags of cement.

When the rains come, sand and silt will be carried down the dry riverbed and build up behind the dam wall. This reservoir of sand acts as a giant natural filter and allows rainwater to seep into the ground and raise the water table. With this water, the surrounding landscape will become lush and fertile, and the well will provide drinking water to the community. It could take up to three years of rain for this sand dam to reach maximum capacity because, in this region, sometimes it only rains once a year!

Community Education

Our trainer worked with the field staff and community members to determine which topics the community could improve upon.

We trained the group on various skills, including bookkeeping, financial management, project management, group dynamics, and governance. We conducted hygiene and sanitation training to teach skills like soap and detergent-making and improve habits, such as handwashing.

We covered health problems in the community, good and bad hygiene habits, and the prevention of disease. Finally, we covered natural resource management as well as the operation and maintenance of the sand dam.

The demonstration on how to make liquid soap and latrine disinfectant was very interactive. During the soap-making process, the participants took turns stirring and singing traditional songs, which entertained them and made the task go quicker.

"We are now in a good position to bring improvements in our households and community by practicing the good practices that we learnt in this training. We have learnt how to make liquid soap and disinfectant. This will enable us [to] improve our hygiene and generate some income for our group. We are very grateful to TWP and ASDF for the training we received," said participant Patrick Mwengi, a 39-year-old farmer.

Thank you for making all of this possible!




March, 2025: Exciting Progress in Mui Community, Thanks to You!

We’re thrilled to share that, thanks to your generous support, significant change is coming for Patrick and the entire Mui Community. Construction has begun on the sand dam project, bringing them one step closer to having clean, reliable water.

But that's not all—during construction, we’re also providing vital health training. These sessions equip the community with essential hygiene practices, ensuring that the benefits of clean water extend to lasting health improvements.

We’re so grateful for your role in making this possible. Stay tuned for more updates—soon, we’ll be celebrating the arrival of safe water in the Mui Community!




Project Photos


Project Type

Sand dams are huge, impressive structures built into the riverbeds of seasonal rivers (rivers that disappear every year during dry seasons). Instead of holding back a reservoir of water like a traditional dam would, sand dams accumulate a reservoir of silt and sand. Once the rain comes, the sand will capture 1-3% of the river’s flow, allowing most of the water to pass over. Then, we construct shallow wells on the riverbank to provide water even when the river has dried up, thanks to new groundwater reserves. Learn more here!


Contributors

Accelerator Match
The Blake Belknap Family
Ummah Collection
17 individual donor(s)